A systematic review of the effect of midwifery care for the bladder in Dissertation

A systematic re lot of the effect of midwifery care for the bladder in labour - Dissertation Example3 p. 25 Fig. 4 p. 34 Fig. 5 p. 34 Table 1 p. 31 Table 2 p. 48 Chapter 1 Introduction Urinary incontinence (UI) is right off being considered as one of the most prevalent conditions worldwide (Lapitan, 2009). Studies perplex shown that UI affects both men and women. However, it has also been observed that there is a significant engagement in the distribution of UI between men and women. Agazzoti, Pesci, Gresce et al (2000) have found out that the prevalence of UI is significantly higher to women than men and that the difference in prevalence becomes more apparent if age is factored. In addition, it is also been learned that women have twice increased chances of being incontinent compared with men (Lapitan, 2009). This finding supports other studies claiming that women have risk increased in becoming incontinent (Ueda, Tamaki, Kageyama et al., 2000 Nelson, Fumer, Jesudason et al., 20 01). Pregnancy and postpartum women are a special group with high prevalence of UI. Pregnancy associated UI is considered as a transient condition in lieu of changes in the body of the pregnant woman, which includes fluctuating hormonal levels, increased urine production and changes in the seat and relations of pelvic structures in relation to the enlarging uterus occurring during gestation (Lapitan, 2009, p. 4 -5). On the other hand, postpartum UI is attributed to the changes in the pelvic floor anatomy after childbirth. This condition is believed to be persistent among women (OConnell, Hannah, Bailey et al., 2002). In effect, there are sufficient studies supporting the claim that there is prevalence of UI among pregnant women and women, in general (OConnell, et al., 2002 Peake & Menderson, 2003 Samuelsson, professional & Tibblin, 1997). In the face of this reality, the significant role of midwives in determining the extent of UI of pregnant women is essential in preparing and pro viding the necessary care that pregnant women needs as they undergo physiological and social changes inherent in pregnancy. Although UI is not life threatening, studies have shown it contributes to a diminish quality of life (Lapitan, 2009 Wagg et al., 2007). In this regard, gaining an understanding of how midwives view incontinence in relation with pregnancy and labour provides a foundation with which responsive to the problem of UI can be framed. As such, this research will be dealing with midwives perception pertinent to bladder care. Background of the Study Pregnancy is a complex physiological and social event. However, the increasing intervention of medical engineering science and medical intervention in pregnancy have contributed to the medicalisation of pregnancy. Although the medicalisation of pregnancy has reduced significantly maternal mortality rate, there is now an increasing question regarding its urgency in terms of normal labour (Johanson, Newburn & Mcfarlane, 2002) . The need for approach to pregnancy and birth not only from the perspective physiology, but also from the view of the psyche the pregnant woman- is increasingly gaining ground. In other words, the call for being